The skin dries out with age , especially women who are going through menopause, and produces less of its natural oils. This can lead to dry skin and small cracks, especially at the heels where the density of grease producing glands is at it’s lowest.
Nails grow thicker in response to constant damage from wearing shoes, and the nails can also grow curved as a direct result of shoe and toe position.
Also years of pressure from shoes can also produce corns and hard skin, combined with the loss of natural fatty padding in the feet and over the joints, this can become painful.